• Name Calling and Bandwagon Activity

Name Calling

• Many people call Muslims terrorists. Associating Muslims with terrorism is racist, and holding the entire community responsible for the misdeeds of certain individual is immoral.
• “Get a load of this monster. He doesn’t know how to communicate”  These are lyrics from a song. Calling someone a monster because they have a difficult time expressing their emotions is name calling. It downplays the difficulty some people face with their mental health.

Bandwagon

• Toothpaste always says dentist #1 recommended or the brand that every dentist uses.
• Everyone uses social media, so why wouldn’t I? Every social media platform has a very high user percentage. People started using it as a source of information and entertainment.

• Litotes and Antithesis Activity

Litotes 

Exercise 1:

• I checked up on my friend in Florida to see if he’s being affected by the hurricane  and he said it’s not the best weather.
• The food was not bad, which explains why there is none left over.
• I complimented my friend’s painting, but she said it isn’t a picasso.
• My family and I drove eight hours to visit some family last summer, it was no pleasant journey.
• My sister baked a cake, it was edible.

Exercise 2:

• There will be a lot and they will be big. 
• The sword was helpful to the warrior.
• I have a tumor in my brain.
• Life isn’t brief and death doesn’t explain it.

Antithesis 

Exercise 1:

• Although nutritionally awful, the red velvet cake was emotionally fulfilling.
• She took a tiny bite of her food, a huge step toward her recovery.
• It was the best year of her life, it was the worst year of her life.
• There was a war in her mind, but she only thought of  peace.
• She cried all night but her eyes were completely dry.

Exercise 2:

• war-peace, division-unity
• many-few, poor-rich
• bury-praise
• cause-result, theory-fact
• extremism-moderation, vice-virtue 
• less-more 
• best-worst, wisdom-foolishness 
• black-white, heaven-hell
• human-divine
• fair-foul

• Fear Appeal and Humor Appeal Activity

Fear Appeal

• A very common advertisement that uses fear appeal is ads to quit smoking. The phrase “smoking kills…quit smoking now” is always accompanied by a graphic image. Since smoking kills people and quitting smoking prevents deaths due to smoking, the claim is supported by the facts. By instilling fear in the audience, they may reconsider their habits and attempt to quit.
• I remember seeing this one advertisement at the peak of the pandemic. It featured an older person with COVID who was hospitalized and wearing an oxygen mask. People were given a warning about what would happen if they got COVID, advising them to maintain social distance and follow the proper protocol to avoid getting COVID.

Humor Appeal

• There was a game called Dumb Ways to Die a couple of years ago. A train network released a song in an effort to lower the number of accidents occurring on its train network. The cartoon campaign lists all the dumb ways someone could die while playing a catchy, upbeat song. We are all laughing, but we are also still hearing its general plea for people to be more cautious around trains.
• KFC rearranged the letters in their name to form the phrase FCK. There was a shortage of chicken, which upset some of the customers. They responded by writing “FCK” on a chicken bucket. KFC wanted to apologize publicly for the inconvenience this caused both customers and franchisees, as well as make it clear what was being done to resolve the problem.

• Hypophora and Rhetorical Questions Activity

Hypophora 

Activity 1:

Why direct action? Why sit-ins, marches and so forth? Isn’t negotiation a better path?” You are quite…

Activity 2:

• What are American Values? Freedom, equality and justice are American Values.
• What must we do to get a good government? We must unite and find our shared values for a successful nation.
• Why should we cut taxes? By cutting taxes we will have higher economic growth as the spending power of consumers increases along with aggregate demand.
• Why is it better to love than be loved? Loving someone makes you want to be a better person.
• How are humans really that different from other animals? Humans are capable of complex reasoning and introspection.

Rhetorical Question

• Are you dumb?
• Who do you think you are?
• Do we really want to save our planet?
• Could you imagine life without music?

• Romance, Sex, and Gender Appeal Activity

Romance Appeal

• Ralph Lauren released a fragrance called Tender Romance. The advertisement showed a man and a woman standing on a swing holding each other. The scent can make you smell “nicer and you will be more attractive.” 
• Tiffany and Co. Jewelry did an advertisement for a promise ring. The ad had two men close together, smiling and happy. It shows you should buy your significant other a ring to show your love for them.

Sex Appeal

• Calvin Klein ads 
• Perfume ads. Some perfumes can make you smell seductive and sexy.

Gender Appeal

• Old Spice ads mostly display male roles in their advertisement. “Men use antiperspirants from this company. The scent represents masculinity”
• Any advertisement for makeup casts a woman in the role of the product. Makeup isn’t assigned to one gender, but these ads make it seem otherwise. “Women wear makeup to be more feminine. It makes them prettier .Makeup is for girls”